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Novuss

Novuss is a Baltic table cue sport on a square table with discs, cues and pockets. Stroke control, position play, fouls and set/game scoring under novuss rules are decisive.

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Nunchaku-do

Nunchaku-do is a regulated nunchaku sport using safety nunchaku, technical training, kata, freestyle and kumite formats. Control, distance, grip changes, rule compliance and safe equipment…

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Obstacle Course Racing

Obstacle course racing is running competition with obstacles such as climbing, carrying, crawling, hanging or balancing. Depending on event, time, obstacle completion, penalties, penalty lo…

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Ocean Rowing

Ocean rowing is rowing on open-ocean routes in specialised ocean-rowing boats. Endurance, watch system, weather windows, navigation, communications, safety equipment and route completion ar…

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Off-Road Racing

Off-road racing is motorsport on unpaved or rough terrain with vehicle classes such as 4x4, UTV, truck, buggy or motorcycle depending on series. Traction, line choice, durability, navigatio…

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Oina

Oina is a Romanian bat-and-run game with two teams, wooden bat, ball, batting zone, running lanes and fielding side. Points come from legal hits, runs and defensive actions under oina rules.

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Okinawan Kobudo

Okinawan kobudo is traditional Ryukyu/Okinawan weapon art with bo, sai, tonfa, nunchaku, kama, eku and other weapons. In sport/tournament context, kobudo kata, bo classes and sometimes soft…

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One Day International (ODI)

One Day International (ODI) is an international cricket format with one innings per team and a limited number of overs. Runs, wickets, bowling limits, fielding, Duckworth-Lewis-Stern/playin…

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One-Pocket

One-pocket is a pool discipline in which each side scores only in one assigned foot corner pocket. Safety play, cue-ball control, target pocket, fouls and usually eight legally scored objec…

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Open Water Swimming

Open water swimming is swimming in lakes, rivers, seas or other approved open-water areas. Safe swimming ability, sighting, water conditions, cold-water/weather checks, course buoys and sup…

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Orienteering

Orienteering is IOF foot orienteering with map, controls, route choice and time scoring. The aim is to find the required controls in the correct order as quickly and legally as possible.

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Othello / Reversi

Othello/Reversi is an abstract board game for two players on an 8x8 board. By outflanking opposing discs, players flip them; at the end the colour with the disc majority wins. The entry is…

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Outrigger Canoeing

Outrigger canoeing, internationally often va'a, is paddling outrigger canoes such as V1/OC1, V6/OC6 or crew boats. Stroke rhythm, seat roles, steering, huli safety, reading water and sprint…

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Oztag

Oztag is an Australian low-contact tag sport close to rugby league. Teams run, pass and score tries; defenders stop an attack by removing a tag rather than tackling.

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Packrafting

Packrafting combines a lightweight packable inflatable boat with paddling, trip planning and outdoor access. Depending on the water, it focuses on calm paddling, river reading, self-rescue,…

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Paddle Tennis

Paddle tennis is a tennis/racket variant on a smaller court with a solid paddle and ball. It focuses on serve, return, net play, placement and match scoring.

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Paddleball

Paddleball is a racket/wall sport using a paddle and ball on one-wall or four-wall courts. Players strike the ball against the front wall and try to win rallies through placement, pace and…

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Paddleball (1 wall)

Paddleball (1 wall) is the one-wall variant of paddleball. It uses a paddle and ball against a front wall; the goal is to win rallies through legal serves, returns and court positioning.

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Paddleball (4 wall)

Paddleball (4 wall) is the four-wall variant of paddleball in an enclosed court. Rallies use serves and returns with paddle and ball against the front wall and legal wall play.

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Paddleboarding

Paddleboarding is treated here as a broad paddleboard entry for stand-up paddleboarding/SUP and prone-paddleboard contexts. Entry focuses on calm water, board control, leash/PFD, basic stro…

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Padel

a mix of tennis and squash, played on a much smaller court with walls and a solid paddle racket. At its core, the sport is about play the ball over the net and via the walls so the opponent…

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Paintball

Paintball is a marker-based team game on field, SupAir or scenario courses. Teams use cover, communication and honest hit calling; mandatory masks, chrono/safety rules, formats and NXL/fiel…

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Palant

Palant is a Polish traditional bat-and-run game with teams, wooden bat, ball and field/running zones. Modern revival and league contexts document rules, team sizes and events, but remain re…

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Paleta Fronton

Paleta fronton is a Peruvian wall sport with paddle, rubber ball and front-wall court. Serve, return, court lines, one allowed bounce and points under event/rulebook determine play.

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Pall Mall

Pall mall is a historical mallet-and-ball game from the 16th/17th century. The aim was to play a wooden ball through a target ring or target at the end of a long alley in as few strokes as…

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Palla

Palla is a local Tuscan street-ball context closely linked to Palla Eh or Palla a 21. Teams strike a small heavy ball by hand or with hand protection through village streets, squares and wa…

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Palla eh!

Palla eh!, also called Palla 21, is a traditional Tuscan street ball game from villages between Siena and Grosseto. Small handmade balls are struck by bare or gloved hand through marked str…

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Pankration

Pankration is a modern rule-bound combat sport with a historical name, combining striking, clinch, throws, control and submissions under protective and mat rules. The modern sport context i…

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Panna Football

Panna football is a street-football form with 1v1 or 2v2 duels on a small court. Ball control, tricks, goals and the panna/nutmeg through the opponent's legs are central.

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Para Archery

Para archery is World Archery target archery for classified athletes with physical impairments. Recurve, compound, open/W1 and assistive-device rules follow classification and the rulebook.

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Para Athletics

Para athletics is athletics for classified athletes across running, jumping, throwing, wheelchair racing and frame running. T/F classes, assistive equipment and scoring follow World Para At…

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Para Badminton

Para badminton is BWF badminton for classified athletes in WH, SL, SU and SH6 classes. Court areas and categories are adapted by class; normal Thomas/Uber Cup or World Tour copy does not be…

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Para canoe

Para canoe is the para paddlesport discipline for classified athletes in kayak and va'a boats. Internationally it centres on short 200 m races, boat adaptation, PFD/safety framework and KL/…

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Para Climbing

Para climbing is IFSC competition climbing for classified athletes on set routes, usually in a top-rope/lead-like belay context. Route, height/hold score and sport class matter, not generic…

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Para dressage

Para dressage is dressage for classified riders whose tests are adapted by Grades I to V and functional ability. The focus is horse-rider connection, precise aids, allowed compensating aids…

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Para judo

Para judo is judo for blind and vision-impaired athletes. It broadly follows judo rules, but uses adapted start/restart situations with grip contact, acoustic/body orientation and J1/J2 cla…

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Para karate

Para karate is the WKF para context for classified athletes in kata disciplines. Form, technique, expression, control and adaptation are judged within K10, K21 and K30 classes.

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Para Powerlifting

Para powerlifting is the World Para Powerlifting strength sport in the bench press. Athletes lie on an approved bench, lower the bar to the chest, hold it motionless and press to arm extens…

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Para rowing

Para rowing is rowing for classified athletes in PR1, PR2 and PR3 boat contexts. Boat fit, seat/strapping or pontoons, safety escort, 2000 m racing and functional classification are decisiv…

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Para surfing

Para surfing is adaptive wave-riding competition in the ISA context with classes for standing, kneeling/seated, prone and vision-impaired athletes. Wave choice, board adaptation, assistance…

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Para swimming

Para swimming is swimming for classified athletes with physical, vision or intellectual impairments. It uses pool races in freestyle, backstroke, breaststroke, butterfly, medley and relays;…

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Para Table Tennis

Para table tennis is ITTF table tennis for classified athletes in sitting, standing and class 11 contexts. Classes 1-5, 6-10 and 11 structure singles, doubles and mixed events; generic Olym…

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Para taekwondo

Para taekwondo is the kyorugi competition form for classified athletes. In the Paralympic context it centres on fast trunk kicks, protection and sensor systems, weight categories and K44 cl…

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Para-Cycling

Para-cycling is UCI cycling for classified athletes on bicycles, handcycles, tricycles or tandems. C, H, T and B classes structure road and track events; Tour de France and generic Olympic…

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Parachuting

Parachuting is a broad parachute-sport context for jump, freefall and canopy disciplines. Training, drop zone, weather, altitude awareness, equipment checks and FAI/national safety standard…

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Paragliding

Paragliding, German Gleitschirmfliegen, is foot-launched free flight with a soft wing. Ground handling, launch aborts, weather windows, thermals, landing area, air law and FAI/federation ru…

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Parallel Bars

Parallel bars is a men's artistic gymnastics apparatus. Routines combine swing, support, flight, handstand and dismount elements on two parallel rails; difficulty, execution and deductions…

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Paramotoring

Paramotoring is powered paragliding with a backpack motor or trike. Training and competition revolve around wing control, takeoff/landing, weather, navigation, precision, slalom, endurance…

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Paratriathlon

Paratriathlon is a para multisport of swimming, cycling or handcycle/tandem and running or racing wheelchair. It is not a pure water sport: water is only one segment; transition, classifica…

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Pärk (Paerk)

Pärk or paerk is a traditional Gotlandic ball game with bakpärk and frampärk forms. Teams strike a leather/wool-core ball on an outdoor field; rules, terminology and competition are strongl…

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Park Skateboarding

Park skateboarding is the skateboard discipline on bowl and transition courses. Runs combine speed, lines, airs, grabs, flips, use of the whole park and clean landings.

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Parkour

Parkour is efficient movement over obstacles using running, jumping, landing, climbing and vaults. FIG competitions distinguish speed and freestyle, while parts of the parkour community str…

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Partner Acrobatics

Partner acrobatics covers lifts, balances, hand-to-hand, throws and counterbalances between two or more people. Official competition forms are specifically regulated in acrobatic gymnastics…

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Patball

Patball is an informal wall and schoolyard ball game in which a tennis ball or similar bouncy ball is struck by hand onto the ground and then against a wall. After the rebound, the next pla…

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Pato

Pato is an Argentine mounted team game. Riders carry a handled ball, pass it and throw it through vertical rings; sources and competition are mainly Argentine national, so this remains need…

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Peak Bagging

Peak bagging is the systematic ascent of summits from a defined list. It sits between hiking, mountaineering and navigation.

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Pehlwani

Pehlwani, also called kushti, is traditional wrestling of the Indian subcontinent. Typical features are akhara training, earth pit or mat, langot/wrestling clothing, intense body work and d…

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Pelota Mixteca

Pelota Mixteca is a traditional ball game from Oaxaca/Mixtec contexts, usually played on a pasajuego field with a heavy glove or variant equipment. The sources are regional and ethnographic…

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Pencak Silat

Pencak silat is a Southeast Asian martial art and competition sport. The sport distinguishes tanding as a bout between two pesilat and tunggal, ganda and regu as technical artistic/form cat…

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Penspinning

Pen spinning is a dexterity and community competition format in which tricks, linkages and combos with a pen or pen mod are judged by video, battle or online tournament. World Tournament an…

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